- search语句
- search技巧
- 主题方面
- 扩大/缩小你的结果
- search策略构建器
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从想法到search语句
使用 keywords to search 和 find inf1ation about your topic in a library database or the internet. You’ll get better results if you also employ strategies such as Boolean phrases, 截断和数据库限制器(请参阅search技巧).
1. 用一两句话写下你的想法.
2. 划掉模糊词和小词.
3. 在剩下的单词下面划线. 这些词是你的开始概念.
4. 在概念之间加一个“和”.
5. 在短语周围加上引号，使这些单词保持在一起.
6. The basic search we’ve written can be used in just about any database. The search words you use in a database make up your search statement. 这里有一个例子:
关键字列表
当你对你的主题了解得更多, 你会发现更多的词汇, 也许还有更好的词, 这可能会导致更成功的search. Study your sources to learn the vocabulary others use when they describe, 讨论和辩论你的话题. Pay close attention to the subject terms assigned to sources you find in a library databases, 以及任何作者指定的关键字.
广义和狭义术语
当你建立你的关键字列表, be aware of the relationships between the topics the keywords describe. 例如, the words “solar” 和 “wind” describe specific examples of renewable energy. The word “energy” is a broader term than the phrase “renewable energy.学习下面的例子:
内容和图片 search策略 by Clark College Libraries, Clark College, Vancouver, Washington (used with permission).
词search
当你search一个短语时，把它加引号. This lets the database know you want to find your search terms together as a phrase, 以完全相同的语序.
例子:
“死刑”
“小学”
“气候变化”
视频:短语search (北卡州立大学图书馆)
截断
在单词的末尾添加星号(*)来截断它. 截断告诉数据库查找单词的多个结尾.
例子:
Child * = Child, children, childhood，幼稚的，孩子气的
技术* =技术，技术，技术
Nurs * =护士，护士，护理
布尔操作符
布尔运算符用于组合多个search项. Using a Boolean operator tells the database how to connect the terms together in your search. 有三种布尔运算符:和, or, 不. 在罗斯威尔·施罗克餐厅观看他们如何工作的演示 布尔机.
和
使用 和 在searchto的单词之间:
- 缩小结果范围
- tell the database that your search results must include every one of your search terms.
枪支和暴力
This search retrieves records that contain both the word “guns” 和 the word “violence.” If a record only contains the word “guns” but 不 the word “violence,，该记录将无法检索.
图片:使用和 - EBSCOhost进行search
OR
使用 OR 在searchto时:
- 拓宽你的研究成果
- 告诉数据库你的结果必须包含任意一个search词
- 连接两个或多个相似的概念(同义词)
青少年或青少年
This search retrieves all records that contain the word “teenagers,” the word “adolescents,” or both. OR is a helpful operator to use if you want to combine words or phrases that have the same or similar meanings.
图片:使用OR - EBSCOhost进行search
不
使用 不 在searchto时:
- 缩小search范围
- tell the database that your results must contain the first term but 不 the second
- 从search中排除单词
例子:“小学”不是幼儿园
This search retrieves all records that contain the term “elementary school” but exclude any records that use the word “kindergarten” (you’re only interested in grades 1-6). 谨慎使用! 你可能会无意中漏掉高度相关的结果. 例如, there might be a very good article about elementary school with the exact inf1ation you need, but because it also mentions kindergarten you won’t see it in your search results.
图片:使用不 - EBSCOhost进行search
多个布尔运算符
您可以组合多个布尔运算符进行更复杂的search. 使用 括号 to group together search terms that must be linked to the same Boolean operator. 否则，数据库将从左到右处理您的术语.
EXAMPLE: (racism OR prejudice OR bias) 和 (“死刑” OR “死刑”)
图片:search使用括号- EBSCOhost
视频:布尔运算符 (北卡州立大学图书馆)
限值器
Most databases give you the option of using limits to 缩小search范围 results. 例如, a few of the most commonly used 限值器 in EBSCOhost are:
图像:数据库限制- EBSCOHOST
更多search功能
Most databases offer additional options to help you maximize your search results. 查找标有“帮助”、“search提示”或“高级search”的链接.
图书馆的 数据库向导 & 教程 page includes help sheets 和 video tutorials for many of our databases.
When viewing your search results, scan them for additional search terms. Pay close attention to the subject terms 和 author-supplied keywords. They will provide you with new keywords that might lead you to more relevant results.
主题词就像标签
Every record in a library database has been indexed with one or more subject terms. 主题词就像社交媒体上的标签. Clicking or tapping a hashtagged word shows you other messages with that hashtag. Searching a subject term in a database shows you every record indexed with that subject term.
EXAMPLE: a keyword search on “死刑” retrieves several articles indexed with the subject term “capital punishment.点击主题词可以找到更多关于这个主题的文章.
图像:search主题词-学术search完成
按主题词search
大多数数据库都包含按主题词search的选项. 在EBSCOhost中，在search框中输入主题词. 然后选择 SU主题条款 选项，在右侧的下拉菜单.
图片:主题词search-学术search完成
浏览主题词
您还可以search或浏览主题术语列表. 寻找标有“主题术语”、“主题”或“同义词典”的链接.
图片:浏览主题术语-学术search完成
在某些情况下，你会被引导到另一个学期. 例如, the entry for “死刑” in this database instructs you to use “死刑” instead.
IMAGE: Browse SUBJECT TERMS for DEATH PENALTY – Academic Search Complete
Clicking on a subject term displays a list of broader 和 narrower subject terms. 他们也可以帮助你找到与你的研究相关的文章.
IMAGE: Broader 和 narrower subject terms for CAPITAL PUNISHMENT – Academic Search Complete
视频:在EBSCOhost数据库中浏览主题词
Watch this video from EBSCO to learn how to 浏览主题 terms 和 add them to your search.
扩大你的结果
如果收效甚微，不妨试试以下建议:
- 检查你的拼写.
- OR与同义词连用.
- 使用 truncation to include additional variations of your search terms.
- 更改search条件. Think of other words or phrases that might be used when others discuss your topic. 例如, 如果你在研究战争的替代方案, 寻找具体的替代方案(外交), 经济制裁, 等.).
- Examine the relevant records you have found to identify other word combinations you can use to find more records like them. Pay close attention to the subject terms or author-assigned keywords.
- 使用更少的search词.
- 少用限制器.
- 使用不同的数据库，或者跨多个数据库进行search. 图书馆的 Discovery search tool allows you to search multiple databases at once.
- 拓宽你的话题.
- 联系图书馆工作人员寻求帮助.
缩小结果范围
如果你有太多的search结果，试试这些建议:
- 使用更具体的search词或关键字. Think of specific categories, examples, or narrower terms to describe your topic.
- Examine the relevant records you have found to identify other word combinations you can use to find more records like them. Pay close attention to the subject terms or author-assigned keywords.
- 使用和来组合更多的search词. 在search词之间使用和可以缩小search范围.
- 不要使用OR. 在search词之间使用OR可以增加search结果.
- 使用其他数据库限制器，包括日期限制器.
- 仅在主题或标题字段中search您的术语.
图片:主题字段search
图片:标题字段search
- Browse the database’s subject terms list to find the term the database uses for your topic.
- 如果您正在search多个数据库，请尝试只search一个. 使用 the subject menu on the Databases page to identify relevant databases.
- 缩小话题范围.
- 联系图书馆工作人员寻求帮助.
视频:认识到search结果的潜力
(北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校图书馆)
search策略构建器
The search策略构建器 is a tool designed to teach you how to create a search string using Boolean logic. 虽然它不是数据库，也不是为输入search而设计的, you should be able to cut 和 paste the results into most database search boxes.
Now you can copy 和 paste the above Search Strategy into a database search box.
search生成器策略由 亚利桑那大学图书馆 在一个 Cc比nc - sa 2.0 许可证.